Five Stages of Grief free essay sample

Australian National Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Australian National Cinema - Essay Example Hollywood draws its entertainers from various races and nationalities, with ability being the passing element. In any case, there are different films on the planet, which, in spite of not being as large and significant as Hollywood, assume a critical job in the film business. These are non-Hollywood films, which hold close obligations simply like Hollywood in their own ability. National films assume a significant job in giving a methods for distinguishing, helping, legitimizing, polemicizing, anticipating, just as making space both broadly and universally for non-Hollywood filmmaking movement. Talking about these significant jobs of these film ventures, this paper will attract explicit reference to the Australian film industry. National film ventures, in spite of not having comparable prominence as Hollywood, assume a major job in non-Hollywood shooting exercises; their apparatuses and hardware couldn't coordinate to that of Hollywood (Yecies, 2004). The business, however having a lo w limit and low venture capital has elevated levels of innovativeness, giving hopefuls a chance to show their ability to the world (Ward, 2004). The vast majority of the national entertainers show significant levels of acting abilities at the national film industry. National film ventures, regardless of not having comparative fame as Hollywood, assume a major job in non-Hollywood shooting exercises; their devices and gear couldn't coordinate to that of Hollywood (Yecies, 2004). The business, however having a low limit and low venture capital has elevated levels of imagination, giving hopefuls a chance to show their ability to the world (Ward, 2004). The greater part of the national entertainers display significant levels of acting abilities at the national film industry. ... ction group, creation charges just as throwing charge and advertising costs are a piece of the costs that film makers and creators acquire in the business. As these exercises require a great deal of capital, for any effective film industry, financial specialists should demonstrate preparation to back (Hoskins, et al. 1999). A portion of the national speculators show status in putting resources into the business, with some financing even a portion of the movies completely. Different lenders offer awards to film creating organizations so as to advance legitimate recording in the nation. The US studio New Line somewhat financed The Dark City (1998), in spite of being an Australian film, coordinated by Alex Proyas. These are exercises, which occur at the Hollywood film industry as well. Polonsky, et al. (2002) concur that since overhead creation costs for a film are generally high, organizations look for financing from various sources, which they later reimburse from deals and loyalties rom the film. Trust in the segment is one of the primary reasons why such financial specialists vigorously put resources into the Hollywood film industry. They make certain of accepting back their contributed capital from the film, if deals for motion pictures such The Matrix (1999) is anything to pass by. This movie got a universal crowd, beating the global diagrams, and along these lines put its executive, Andy on a worldwide guide. While the Australian film industry is yet to reach at such incredible norms, some film thoughts merit the hazard. Probably the best movies in the Australian business cost a fortune, which requires financing. Furthermore, the development and capability of the business energizes financial specialists, as they are idealistic in the accomplishment of the film business. The way that the vast majority of the Australians watch films delivered at the national levels is evidence enough that

Startup Hubs Around the World Mumbai

Startup Hubs Around the World Mumbai For the entrepreneur searching for just the right location, there are a host of variables that will affect their final decision. In this continuing approach to the startup hubs around the world, we’ll focus on the famed city of Bombay (now Mumbai). Established in 1507, this port city has remained a central part of Indian history, and promises to play a continuing role in the development of India. © Shutterstock.com | saiko3pWe’ll investigate how the 1) location of the city, 2) tax incentives, 3) legal incentives, 4) investors, and 5) specialization all combine to allow Mumbai to thrive as a startup hub. In addition, we’ll look at 6) some startups already in Mumbai to watch.LOCATIONThe Indian city of Mumbai is establishing itself as a promising location for entrepreneurship start-ups. Already the capital of Maharashtra, it is also the entertainment, commercial and financial capital of India. It makes sense, then, that this thriving city would attract those in search of a locatio n to base their start-up.Geographical benefits © Wikimedia commonsAs the financial and commercial capital of India, Mumbai is already well on the way to possess the resources necessary to be a startup hub. A vital benefit to choosing Mumbai is the geographical location. Boasting one of the world’s best natural harbors, the island city of Mumbai is located on the Arabian Sea, and has two thriving ports that offer both wet and dry dock facilities. As India’s most modern port, it also is home to the Indian Navy base. These accommodations provide the city with easy water access for shipping and transport needs.The second busiest airport in India is located in Mumbai â€" the Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport â€" and is expected to expand in the near future.Public transportation is widely used in the city as well, with the majority of users preferring bus transport for shorter distances, while longer distances are generally travelled via train. In addition, the extensive roadways allow for private vehicles, taxis and auto rickshaws. The number of private vehicles on the road has been rising substantially over the last few years, but taxis, rickshaws and public transportation still remain the premier method of transportation in the city.Advantages from choosing the cityBy utilizing the vast number of transportation options available in Mumbai, it is possible to navigate through the city easily without making a vehicle purchase mandatory. With an established presence in the finance and commercial industry, there is easy access to the resources that an entrepreneur will need. Selecting Mumbai as a hub for start-up, the entrepreneur can be assured that there is a growing network of resources, easily accessible target groups and investors located within the city.TAX INCENTIVESThe job market in Mumbai is thriving. As a result, the entrepreneur may find it difficult to keep employees, as workers hop from company to company in as little as three months in search of a raise. This makes it difficult to manage a workforce, and requires companies to take every opportunity to provide their employees with incentive to stay.Initiatives are underway to improve the tax incentives that currently are nearly non-existent. The current system involves separate tax structures within different states, combined with a central tax process. This creates a climate that is ripe for corruption and inefficiency. The tax hurdles make it prohibitive for companies to start and discourages all, but the most determined investors to choose companies within Mumbai. There is no clear indication of which taxes are required, and many start-ups find it easier to simply pay every tax listed to avoid potential issues. This system is confusing and costly for the entrepreneur who tries to start a new endeavor.The high rate of service tax is another area where Mumbai can improve. Service taxes are passed on to clients in a flat rate. This reduces the amount of business that individuals are willing to use and can prevent a c ompany from future growth. Developing a graduated tax rate for services will assist in the growth of companies and reduce client taxation.Offering start-ups exemptions from income taxes and other indirect taxes will increase the draw of Mumbai for entrepreneurs who are looking for a location to settle in.At present, the process of filing tax returns, the lack of tax breaks and benefits, and the absence of incentives for the start-up all must be addressed if Mumbai wishes to continue its push to become a start-up.LEGAL INCENTIVESEstablishing a start-up in Mumbai can be an exercise in frustration. The paperwork process is wrought with potential pitfalls. Paperwork can be endless and circular as forms are filled out repeatedly and seemingly pointlessly. The bureaucratic hurdles for proper licensing, filings and other needed permits often bring pressure for bribes. It is possible to avoid some of these hurdles by making products that do not need government approval, and by catering thei r business to private clients who do not require licenses.The Indian government website provides the essential forms and information necessary to start a business in Mumbai (or any Indian city) in one central location. The classification of companies is one of the primary goals of the agency â€" which determines the amount of paperwork required by the government. A company is either a service corporation or a product corporation. Within that distinction, companies are classified as micro, small and medium. They offer assistance and guidelines to navigate the lengthy paperwork process, which is essential to trying to know what needs to be completed.Currently, there are few legal incentives to begin a start-up in Mumbai. Officials and business owners are putting pressure on the government to reduce the amount of paperwork necessary to starting a company, and provide legal incentives to companies to locate in Mumbai.INVESTORSPerhaps one of the most important advantages of Mumbai as a s tart-up hub is the large number of potential investors located within the city. Mumbai consistently lands on the chart of the top 10 cities in the world for number of billionaires. That number is expected to double within the next few years, providing a wealth of individuals who are looking to invest. The issue, however, is the process of turning those large money individuals into investors.Currently, there are few incentives for investors who wish to keep their money within Mumbai. There is a lack of organization, which would provide easy access to companies who are seeking capital. The establishment of venture capital groups would also benefit companies seeking funding, by bringing together investors who are ready to bring their money to Mumbai. Unfortunately, even when funding is available, governmental processes can hold the funding up for years, preventing the company from taking advantage of the money.Angel investors who are looking to put their money into Mumbai corporations must be encouraged with tax incentives. The current hurdles and taxation limitations prevent the easy investment process that occurs in other locations. Removing the hurdles will open the door for new investors to begin putting their money in start-ups.Venture capital firms from the United States have opened branches in India, but have dropped the amount of funding being spent in India substantially in the last decade. One of the driving forces in the drop is the difficulty of doing business in cities such as Mumbai â€" a deterrent to both investor and entrepreneur.LOCAL RESOURCESA large concern in Mumbai is the availability of office space. Rents are high, and there is a lack of appropriate space for entrepreneurs to use. Companies can take advantage of using ‘virtual office’ space with mailbox and phone services available for monthly fee. Another alternative to finding office space is office sharing. Co-working hubs provide desks, wi-fi, conference rooms and other services for low fees. The hubs also generally offer networks and professionals who can provide advice, support and help.The campus of the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), the world famous technology college, provides one of the biggest reasons Mumbai is an emerging start-up location. This famous college produces highly qualified, technically proficient workers who are leading the transition to a technology center. The multi-cultural appeal of Mumbai is beneficial to providing a depth of workforce that can span the technically minded, the artistic and the business savvy employees.A diverse talent field ensures that the entrepreneur can find exactly the help needed to establish their company, and the presence of IIT, the business center and the general population of the city provides the diversity needed. These strong factors are helping to give Mumbai the advantage over other cities â€" even traditionally strong startup hubs.The extreme between the rich of Mumbai and the poor is vast. A la ck of clean water and essential hygiene standards (such as working toilets and sewers) is countered by a work ethic where even the poorest find ways to be productive. While the poor may have disadvantages, even the slum areas of the city are buzzing with economic activity.Mumbai does face some hurdles as it enters the start-up race. The infrastructure is tentative, wages are traditionally low and rents are high. These factors are not insurmountable; however the entrepreneur must be aware of them.SPECIALIZATIONThe trend in Mumbai is toward creative, technologically advanced pursuits. A current list of start-ups in Mumbai reveals a growing number of companies that are based in artistic endeavors, with highly technical aspects, a result of the diversity of the city.The city ranks high in billionaires, but it also ranks high in the levels of poverty. This disparity has created an environment where even the poorest of the city can aspire to greatness, and it can be seen in the sheer cour age of the budding entrepreneurs. There are success stories of entrepreneurs who started in the shacks of Mumbai and began companies that put them on the billionaire list. These types of examples can provide hope to the residents of the city, as well as demonstrate Mumbai’s potential for growth.As a creative city, entrepreneurs can express their skills through visual media and technology.Another large area that Mumbai is becoming known for is their role in emerging markets that are both environmentally responsible and humanitarian. Clean technology is a big draw in the heavily populated city, and they are attracting interest from investors and governmental studies. Trying to combat the lack of natural resources and advancements that some of the lower socio-economic areas of the world face, companies that address solar energy, clean drinking water, thermal batteries and other innovations can thrive in Mumbai.There is no clear specialization within the city of Mumbai at present. The re are a rising number of tech start-ups that are developing innovative ways to address the needs of people within the city and these companies are building excitement and interest within the start-up community. As more entrepreneurs begin to establish their companies within Mumbai, it will generate additional interest and innovation. The increased pressure on the government to improve the process of entrepreneurship will also benefit the city overall by attracting funding and resources.Can Mumbais startup ecosystem bounce back? STARTUPS TO WATCHPortea MedicalGeared towards the elderly, this prescription based service employs a staff of doctors, nurses and physiotherapists who make house visits. The Portea Medical health visits are helping to improve the preventative care and early diagnosis of members at a low cost. Recent venture funding will allow the company to expand its offerings and begin attracting some of India’s 144 million people over the age of 60. Established by a hus band and wife entrepreneur team, the company hopes to become a first line of defense for enrollees who want their healthcare to come to them.Floh.inBasing a company on the inevitable search for love that a majority of people go through, Floh.in (Find Love Over Here) holds singles events throughout the year in Mumbai, Delhi, and Bangladore. The invitation only service is available to singles on a three month or yearly basis, with a reasonable registration fee that grants the member access to company sponsored networking events. Catering their events toward young professionalsAlpha CubeThe brother/sister duo of Alpha Cube creates custom, wearable art on shoes and apparel. The team will hand paint custom art work on shoes, bags, t-shirts â€" anything that can be painted on for a personalized, one of a kind wardrobe. By combining their artistic talents and the easy ordering process of the internet, they are able to offer customers unique products.FusedCowVenturing into a relatively new and unexplored field, FusedCow is the result of six years of research on human centered design. Developed by partners who have experience in both the start-up world and the tech industry, the company explores the connection between architecture, data analytics, product information modelling, and digital distribution.Ola CabsThis innovative app was designed by a computer engineer who was tired of the inefficient cabs he was using. The free app allows Ola Cabs’ users track and monitor their cab through GPS. The goal of Ola Cabs is to launch in ten cities, doubling the number of their current locations within the year.The city of Mumbai is on the brink of becoming a vital start-up hub in the world. The major pieces needed are already in place: a diverse workforce, financial resources, geographical location that makes the city attractive to entrepreneurs. Currently, entrepreneurs will have to overlook the lack of incentives and be prepared to deal with the issues addressed earlier in order to be successful. There are indications, however, that Mumbai is prepared to make the changes necessary to fully realize the potential the city has. It is an opportunity for entrepreneurs to be at the forefront of Mumbai’s transition and benefit from being already in place when regulations change. Learning the infrastructure, establishing a presence within the city and learning to navigate the Indian marketplace can all generate a successful start-up, in spite of the hurdles. Image credit:  Wikimedia commons under Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported.

Justice And Morality Over Justice - 904 Words

Justice and Morality: Pro makes three arguments, well really two arguments as to why he thinks we ought to prefer morality over justice. 1. He argues that without an internal justification of good and bad guiding justice there would be no reason anything is unjust. This is blatantly untrue. Consider the physco path who murders. Such a person would have no internal justification of good and bad but still clearly can act in just or unjust ways. Thus Justice is separate from any internal justification. The second argument he makes is essentially the same. 2. Pro claims that my argument makes justice and morality the same. This is untrue. I clearly argued that morality is the means, while Justice is the ends. They are interrelated topics, but as demonstrated above, justice remains constant with or without a moral internal justification. Thus we see that Justice must be preferred to morality. Liberty/Autonomy of Adolescents: Pro says â€Å"if I can show that they can make these decisions, then the negative case goes away and I meet his framework of deserving of rights.† This is almost true. He must show that adolescents can make rational decisions. This is because one is not really autonomous without that ability. Last round it was determined (and as pro did not contest accepted) that autonomy is synonymous with liberty. Liberty is both the freedom from external influence and the ability to act independently. This means pro must show that a) adolescents should be bothShow MoreRelatedThe Philosophy Of Plato s Republic973 Words   |  4 Pagesconcept of justice and how it is always in the individual’s best interest to be just. In this book we meet Thrasymachus, a Sophist, who has an opposing view on the value of justice. Plato’s notion of justice conflicts with that of Thrasymachus and possible consequences of morality are contentment and trust. Justice, during the time of Plato, was different than how we use the term in our present day. Instead of concerning justice for others in a communal way, it was concerned with justice on a personalRead MoreAntigone : Morality And Justice889 Words   |  4 Pageslive in reasonable limits of social behavior, justice. The philosophical concept of good and bad, Morality. Justice is resolute, but unfortunately our perception of morality is different from person to person, so when ones personal conception of morality is not socially acceptable, one may end up having a conflict. In Antigone, morality and justice cross swords with each other and it leads to a devastating end. The cross hairs of morality and justice are complex; one is free to choose, but one isRead MoreAristotle And Plato s Views On Politics And Morality Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this essay is to discuss whether politics should be focused on morality with reference to the political thinkers, Aristotle and Plato. Aristotle and Plato have two fundamentally differing views on politics and how it links to morality. Morality to Aristotle and Plato will be analysed through their version of how politics utensils morality to carry out legislation or create a universal manner carried out by the citizens. To achieve this, this essay will examine the following pointsRead MorePure Theory of Law1618 Words   |  7 PagesJustice has been used in our daily life in free flow but the functioning of judicial system in any place where law is supreme; the justice has been construed as what the courts do. Except this, justice can’t be traced in any other form. People who get the decision in his favour finds the court as the source of justice seconded by his happiness while on the other hand the other party would always consider the court as legitimising nothing but his sorrows. 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However, the meaning of Justice is very difficult to define. There are many aspects of justice that we may question about; i.e. is a particular law just? Is the legal system just? Much of the issue of justice is very controversialRead MoreThe International System And Contemporary International Law Essay1458 Words   |  6 PagesIn Unjust Justice, Chantal Delsol evaluates the contemporary international system and contemporary international law, the regulation of relations between sovereign states, by defending various principles that she claims will be violated by the potential formation of a â€Å"world government†. The principles that Delsol defends in response to recent steps toward a universal state are found in the works of modern thinker, Emer de Vattel, and medieval thinker, Thomas Aquinas. Furthermore, her critique

The Roaring 20 s Era Of Growth And Reform - 1309 Words

The era of the 1920s, also known as the Roaring 20’s, was a revolutionary time in which radical changes struck the American nation, drastically increasing advances in society and economy. New and different forms of dance, music, clothing, behavior, and lifestyle were developed nationwide. The Antebellum Period in the late 1700s increased rebellion, similar to the Roaring 20’s era of growth and reform. As this time period brought profound changes, conflict, cultural excitement, and experimentation, the population of America was experiencing an alteration in social values. The American pride, similar to the pride we had when separating from the British, was still alive as independence and freedom was strongly rebelled for. The Roaring 20’s depicted the growing independence of the American public as the promised result of cultural excitement with the usage of alcohol, experimentation with labor strikes, conflict over ones rights, and change in the prosperity of the nation, was much linked to and differed from the Temperance movement, Labor movement, Suffrage movement, and the Industrial Revolution. As lavish parties with flapper girls, jazz music, suited-up men, cigars, and alcohol were thrown during the era, cultural excitement was at its peak. The 1920’s was a highlighted era in which drinking was a social trend. Both, men and women drank in parties as they danced the night away. Liquor was handed out often and was the center of excitement. There were numerous clubs and partyShow MoreRelatedAre The Rich Taxed Enough?1264 Words   |  6 Pages201 they are taxed at the max of $119,996.25 plus the 39% for every cent after that. 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Analyze the cultural and economic responses of TWO of the following groups to the Indians of North America before 1750. British French Spanish (2000) 8. How did economic, geographic, and social factors encourage the growth of slavery as an important part of the economy of the southern colonies between 1607 and 1775? (2001) 9. Compare the ways in which religion shaped the development of colonial society (to 1740) in TWO of the following regions: New England Read MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20081817 Words   |  8 PagesThe financial crisis of 2008 did not arise by chance. The meltdown was precipitated by systematic striping away of the New Deal era policies of bank regulation. Most notable of these deregulatory acts was that of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999. This bill repealed the legislation which held commercial banks and investment banks separate. 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They were white, English spea king Protestants. 8) Child Labor Laws: These laws were a Progressive Reform. They tried to curb child labor and promote children getting an education instead of working. Established the Federal Children’s Bureau. 9) Jane Addams: She founded the first settlement house in Chicago called the Hull House in 1889. A settlement

A Look At Muslim Empires Free Essays

The Muslim community is known to have been under the influence of three major empires: the Ottoman Empire, The Safavids and the Grandeur of the Mughals. Let us take a close look at these three empires and try to identify in which areas are they the same and how they specifically support the Muslim’s view of the world. First of is the Ottoman Empire. We will write a custom essay sample on A Look At Muslim Empires or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Ottoman Empire also known in the West as the Turkish Empire, existed from 1299 to 1923. Osman I is regarded as the founder of the Ottoman Empire. He gave the name â€Å"Ottoman† to the Ottoman State and declared its independence, becoming the first Bey. He extended the frontiers of Ottoman settlement towards the Byzantine Empire, while other Turkish beyliks suffered from internal fighting. Under Osman I, the Ottoman capital moved to Bursa. It was in this period that a formal Ottoman government was created; its institutions would remain for nearly four centuries before being reformed. In contrast to many contemporary states, the Ottoman bureaucracy tried to avoid military rule, (see: millet). Although the Empire was primarily a military state, its civics and economy did not reflect a policy of aggression. The expansionist policies of the Ottoman Empire were not undertaken with the aim of destruction, but with the goal of Ottoman settlement in the area. The strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective for Ottoman rule to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and Balkans. In 1389, the Ottoman victory at the Battle of Kosovo effectively marked the end of Serbian power in the region, and paved the way for Ottoman expansion into Europe. The Mughal Empire, on the other hand, was an empire that at its greatest territorial extent ruled most of the Indian subcontinent, then known as Hindustan, and parts of what is now Afghanistan and the Balochistan region. It was established in 1526, enjoyed expansion and consolidation until about 1707 and survived, even if in drastically attenuated form, until 1857. The empire was founded by the Timurid leader Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. Mughal is the Persian word for Mongol. The Mughal rulers were adherents of Islam. The Mughal ruling class was Muslims, although most of the subjects of the Empire were Hindu. Although Babur founded the Empire, the dynasty remained unstable (and was even exiled) until the reign of Akbar, who was not only of liberal disposition but also intimately acquainted, since birth, with the mores and traditions of India. Under Akbar’s rule, the court abolished the jizya (the poll-tax on non-Muslims) and abandoned use of the lunar Muslim calendar in favor of a solar calendar more useful for agriculture. One of Akbar’s most unusual ideas regarding religion was Din-i-Ilahi (â€Å"Faith-of-God† in English), which was an eclectic mix of Hinduism, versions of Sufi Islam, Zoroastrianism and Christianity. It was proclaimed the state religion until his death. These actions however met with stiff opposition from the Muslim clergy. The Safavids were a native Iranian dynasty from Iranian Azarbaijan that ruled from 1501 to 1736, and which established Shi’a Islam as Iran’s official religion and united its provinces under a single Iranian sovereignty, thereby reigniting the Persian identity and acting as a bridge to modern Iran. Even though Safavids were not the first Shia rulers in Iran they were played most crucial role in making the Shia official religion in the whole of Iran. There were large Shia communities in some cities like Qom and Sabzevar as early as 8th century. In the 10th and 11th centuries the Buwayhids who were of Zeydi a branch of Shi’ism ruled in Fars, Isfahan and Baghdad. As a result of Mongol conquest, and relative religious tolerance of Ilhanids, Shia dynasties were re-established in Iran – Sarbedaran in Khorasan being the most important. ShahOljeitu – the sultan of Ilkhanate converted to Twelver Shiism in 13th century, however the population of Iran stayed largely Sunni until Safavid period. These three empires dominated the Middle East during early 16th to 17th century and all of them played a crucial role in establishing the religion for each of their occupied areas. The leaders of these empires are said to have been chosen by Divine intervention and claimed to have been sent by God or Allah to rule over the land. In addition, the growth of these three empires was interrupted with wars from one another or other empires in the region. In terms of influence on the rest of the world, the main mughal contribution to the south Asia was their unique architecture. Many monuments were built during the mughal era including the Taj Mahal. Meantime, examples of Ottoman architecture of the classical period, aside from Istanbul and Edirne, can also be seen in Egypt, Eritrea, Tunisia, A On the other hand, handicrafts such as tilemaking, pottery and textiles developed during the Safavid dynasty and great advances were made in miniature painting, bookbinding, decoration and calligraphy – which still can be seen in Modern European art circles. As for promoting Muslim views, it must be said that the Ottoman Empire was, in a broad sense, tolerant towards its non-Muslim subjects; it did not, for instance, forcibly convert all of them to Islam. The sultans took their primary duty to be service to the interests of the state, which could not survive without taxes and a strong administrative system. The state’s relationship with the Greek Orthodox Church, for example, was largely peaceful, and the church’s structure was kept intact and largely left alone but under close control and scrutiny until the Greek War of Independence of 1821–1831 and, later in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the rise of the Ottoman constitutional monarchy, which was driven to some extent by nationalistic currents. Other churches, like the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, were dissolved and placed under the jurisdiction of the Greek Orthodox Church. On the other hand, the empire often served as a refuge for the persecuted and exiled Jews of Europe; for example, following the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492, Sultan Beyazid II welcomed them into Ottoman lands. Shia is the ruling religion during the Safavid dynasty and there was no written record of their support to the Muslim community. On the other hand, the Mughal ruling class were Muslims, although most of the subjects of the Empire were Hindu. Although Babur founded the Empire, the dynasty remained unstable (and was even exiled) until the reign of Akbar, who was not only of liberal disposition but also intimately acquainted, since birth, with the mores and traditions of India. Under Akbar’s rule, the court abolished the jizya (the poll-tax on non-Muslims) and abandoned use of the lunar Muslim calendar in favor of a solar calendar more useful for agriculture. One of Akbar’s most unusual ideas regarding religion was Din-i-Ilahi (â€Å"Faith-of-God† in English), which was an eclectic mix of Hinduism, versions of Sufi Islam, Zoroastrianism and Christianity. It was proclaimed the state religion until his death. Sources: Wikipedia, 2006: Ottoman Empire Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire (cited on October 16, 2006) Wikipedia, 2006: The Safavids Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Safavids (cited on October 16, 2006) Wikipedia, 2006: The Grandeur of the Mughals Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Mughals (cited on October 16, 2006) How to cite A Look At Muslim Empires, Papers

Inventors free essay sample

Benjamin Franklin This portrait. Which depicts Franklin as a learned scientist and inventor. Was one of his favorites. Pictured on the left is the signal-bell apparatus Franklin devised to detect the presence of electrically-charged clouds. The bolt of lightning , seen through the open window, became an attribute closely identified with Franklin. At Franklins death French philosopher/scientist Jacques Target wrote: He seized the lightning from the sky and the scepter from the hand of tyrants. The Franklin Stove Franklin wrote this description of the stove he had invented to promote sales of a model being manufactured by his friend Robert Grace. A series of partitioned Iron plates permits a continuous supply of fresh warm air, separated from the smoke, to be distributed equally throughout the room. By controlling the airflow, less heat is lost, and much less wood is needed. Franklins stove became so popular In England and Europe that this essay was frequently reprinted and translated Into several foreign languages. We will write a custom essay sample on Inventors or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Franklins Design for Bifocals Ben]amen Franklin Is credited with the Invention of bifocal glasses, which he sketched ere for his friend George , a London merchant and pamphleteer. Franklin told he found them particularly useful at dinner in France, where he could see the food he was eating and watch the facial expressions of those seated at the table with him, which helped Interpret the words being said. He wrote: l understand French better by the help of my spectacles. Experiments in Electricity In 1751, Peter , President of the Royal Society, arranged for the publication of a series of letters from Benjamin Franklin, 1747 to 1750, describing his experiments on electricity. Franklin demonstrated his new theory of positive and negative charges, suggested the electrical nature of lightning, and proposed a tall, grounded rod as a protection against lightning. These experiments established Franklins reputation as a scientist. ND In 1753 he received the Couple Medal of the Royal Society for his contributions to the knowledge of lightning and electricity. On Electricity Benjamin Franklins formulation of a general theory of electrical action won him an internationa l reputation in pure science in his own day. Writing to Dutch physician and scientist Jan , Franklin responds to a number of his friends questions about electricity and the Elided Jar, an early form of electrical condenser.In this draft scientific report, It appears that Franklin wrote his answers first using dark Ink, leaving room for the questions, which he wrote In red Ink. 1 In this lengthy essay intended for his fellow scientist Jan , Benjamin Franklin attempted to explain the effects of lightning on a church steeple in Ceremony, Italy, by describing the effects of electricity on various metals. He based his hypothesis on other written accounts, and used this sketch of a tube of tin foil to aid in his explanation.Mapping the Gulf Stream Although Spanish explorers had described the Gulf Stream, Franklin, fascinated by the fact that the sea Journey from North America to England was shorter than the return trip, asked his cousin, sea captain Timothy Folder, to map its dimensions and course. Franklin published this map and hi s directions for avoiding it in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society in 1786. Systematic research, conducted by the U. S. Coast Survey, of the Gulf Stream did not occur until 1845.Franklin Battles the Common Cold Despite his eminence in scientific circles, Benjamin Franklin remained concerned with the more practical applications of scientific study. This sheet entitled Definition of a Cold is one of a series bearing Franklins notes for a paper he intended to write on the subject. Exercise, bathing, and moderation in food and drink consumption were Just some of his steps to avoid the common cold. The Aurora Benjamin Franklins interest in the mystery of the Northern Lights is said to have begun on his voyages across the North Atlantic to England.He ascribed the shifting lights to a concentration of electrical charges in the polar regions intensified by the snow and other moisture. He reasoned that this overcharging caused a release of electrical illumination into the air. In this essay, which he wrote in English and French, Franklin analyzed the causes of the Aurora . It was read at the French CADÂ © DES Sciences on April 14, 1779. Franklins Harmonica Before leaving London in July 1762, Franklin wrote to the Italian philosopher .Not having anything new to report on their shared interest in electricity, Franklin described the improvements he had made to the musical glasses invented by Richard . By fitting a series of graduated glass discs on a spindle laid horizontal in a case and revolving the spindle by a foot treadle, Franklin could create bell-like tones by touching his wet fingers to the revolving glasses. Franklins harmonica became popular in Europe, with Mozart and Beethoven composing music for it.